Most domestic water in the U.S. and developed countries is safe to drink. Large water companies, both public and private, must frequently test the supply. They also must send the results to you each year, so you can learn about what you’re drinking. You’ll see data on mineral content, plus how the water measures up to federal and local standards for chemicals, pesticides and coliform bacteria.
If you have any concerns about your water supply, especially if you have well water, have a sample tested by an EPA-approved testing lab. If you don’t like what you see, consider a water filter for your system. If you suspect that you have highly mineralized, hard water, consider a water softener.

Particle filters remove rust, sediment and other matter that originates in the pipes.

Activated charcoal filters remove organic chemicals and pesticides. They can also remove tastes and odors caused by chlorine and other chemicals in your water. Large models are installed near the house inlet. Simple models go at the end of your kitchen faucet. You must periodically change the charcoal to keep these filters working.

Reverse-osmosis molecular filters remove heavy metals, bacteria and chemicals such as sodium and nitrate. They require holding tanks and are generally quite expensive.

Water softeners remove calcium and magnesium ions from mineral-rich hard water. They may also reduce iron content. This softened water is better for washing because you need less soap to do a job. Soft water also slows the buildup of mineral scale in your hot-water system and extends the life of your water heater.

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